A boy presents with sore throat, arthralgias, headache, and fever. On examination, his tonsils are enlarged, erythematous, and covered with white exudates. He also has tender cervical lymphadenopathy. You diagnose the patient with pharyngitis and swab his throat to look for what organism on culture? What are two feared complications from this infection?
Group A streptococci (S. pyogenes)
1. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
2. Rheumatic fever
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Bacteriology
- How is pseudomembranous colitis treated?
- Which one of the two exotoxins produced by C. difficile is most responsible for pseudomembranous colitis?
- Name the two exotoxins produced by C. difficile:
- What commonly causes pseudomembranous colitis?
- How is botulism treated?
- What are the symptoms of classic botulism?
- What usually causes infant botulism? What are its associated symptoms?
- What is the mechanism of botulinum toxin in causing botulism?
- What diseases does C. botulinum cause?
- CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM Do Clostridium species require oxygen?
- How is B. cereus treated?
- What are the clinical symptoms caused by the heat-labile and heat-stable toxins?
- Name the gram-negative rod that produces a toxin similar to the heat-labile toxin of B. cereus. What are their mechanisms of action?
- Name the two toxins made by B. cereus.
- BACILLUS CEREUS Name the most common clinical association with Bacillus cereus:
- How is anthrax usually treated?
- What are the clinical symptoms of gastrointestinal anthrax? What is the overall mortality rate?
- What are the clinical symptoms of pulmonary anthrax? What is the overall mortality rate?
- What are the clinical symptoms of cutaneous anthrax? What is the overall mortality rate?
- Name the three virulence factors of B. anthracis and describe their mechanism of action:
- BACILLUS ANTHRACIS Name three pathologic manifestations of Bacillus anthracis and their routes of transmission:
- Which gram-positive rods don't form spores?
- What other gram-positive rods form endospores?
- Do all Bacillus bacteria form spores?
- A 55-year-old woman develops Janeway lesions, Osler nodes, splinter hemorrhages, and Roth spots about 1 month after a tooth extraction. She has a history of rheumatic heart disease. What is the most common causative microbe?