Name the gram-negative rod that produces a toxin similar to the heat-labile toxin of B. cereus. What are their mechanisms of action?
Answer: Vibrio choleras cholera toxin. Both toxins trigger adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation of G protein, stimulating adenylate cyclase and increasing cAMP. (ADP-ribosylation is a common mechanism used by various bacterial toxins.)