Which toxins act as superantigens? Which one is more often associated with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS)?
Answer: Erythrogenic and exotoxin A. Exotoxin A causes more cases of TSS.
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Bacteriology
- How is pseudomembranous colitis treated?
- Which one of the two exotoxins produced by C. difficile is most responsible for pseudomembranous colitis?
- Name the two exotoxins produced by C. difficile:
- What commonly causes pseudomembranous colitis?
- How is botulism treated?
- What are the symptoms of classic botulism?
- What usually causes infant botulism? What are its associated symptoms?
- What is the mechanism of botulinum toxin in causing botulism?
- What diseases does C. botulinum cause?
- CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM Do Clostridium species require oxygen?
- How is B. cereus treated?
- What are the clinical symptoms caused by the heat-labile and heat-stable toxins?
- Name the gram-negative rod that produces a toxin similar to the heat-labile toxin of B. cereus. What are their mechanisms of action?
- Name the two toxins made by B. cereus.
- BACILLUS CEREUS Name the most common clinical association with Bacillus cereus:
- How is anthrax usually treated?
- What are the clinical symptoms of gastrointestinal anthrax? What is the overall mortality rate?
- What are the clinical symptoms of pulmonary anthrax? What is the overall mortality rate?
- What are the clinical symptoms of cutaneous anthrax? What is the overall mortality rate?
- Name the three virulence factors of B. anthracis and describe their mechanism of action:
- BACILLUS ANTHRACIS Name three pathologic manifestations of Bacillus anthracis and their routes of transmission:
- Which gram-positive rods don't form spores?
- What other gram-positive rods form endospores?
- Do all Bacillus bacteria form spores?
- A 55-year-old woman develops Janeway lesions, Osler nodes, splinter hemorrhages, and Roth spots about 1 month after a tooth extraction. She has a history of rheumatic heart disease. What is the most common causative microbe?